[FL-2591] Furi: remove CMSIS thread api, migrate to FuriThread, remove unused CMSIS APIs (#1333)

* Furi: remove CMSIS thread api, migrate to FuriThread, remove unused CMSIS APIs
* Furi: magic thread catcher validating thread completion; backtrace improver
* Furi: allow furi_thread_get_current_id outside of thread context
* Furi: use IRQ instead of ISR for core primitives

core/furi/semaphore.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "base.h"
+#include "thread.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/// Attributes structure for semaphore.
+typedef struct {
+    const char* name; ///< name of the semaphore
+    uint32_t attr_bits; ///< attribute bits
+    void* cb_mem; ///< memory for control block
+    uint32_t cb_size; ///< size of provided memory for control block
+} osSemaphoreAttr_t;
+
+/// \details Semaphore ID identifies the semaphore.
+typedef void* osSemaphoreId_t;
+
+/// Create and Initialize a Semaphore object.
+/// \param[in]     max_count     maximum number of available tokens.
+/// \param[in]     initial_count initial number of available tokens.
+/// \param[in]     attr          semaphore attributes; NULL: default values.
+/// \return semaphore ID for reference by other functions or NULL in case of error.
+osSemaphoreId_t
+    osSemaphoreNew(uint32_t max_count, uint32_t initial_count, const osSemaphoreAttr_t* attr);
+
+/// Get name of a Semaphore object.
+/// \param[in]     semaphore_id  semaphore ID obtained by \ref osSemaphoreNew.
+/// \return name as null-terminated string.
+const char* osSemaphoreGetName(osSemaphoreId_t semaphore_id);
+
+/// Acquire a Semaphore token or timeout if no tokens are available.
+/// \param[in]     semaphore_id  semaphore ID obtained by \ref osSemaphoreNew.
+/// \param[in]     timeout       \ref CMSIS_RTOS_TimeOutValue or 0 in case of no time-out.
+/// \return status code that indicates the execution status of the function.
+osStatus_t osSemaphoreAcquire(osSemaphoreId_t semaphore_id, uint32_t timeout);
+
+/// Release a Semaphore token up to the initial maximum count.
+/// \param[in]     semaphore_id  semaphore ID obtained by \ref osSemaphoreNew.
+/// \return status code that indicates the execution status of the function.
+osStatus_t osSemaphoreRelease(osSemaphoreId_t semaphore_id);
+
+/// Get current Semaphore token count.
+/// \param[in]     semaphore_id  semaphore ID obtained by \ref osSemaphoreNew.
+/// \return number of tokens available.
+uint32_t osSemaphoreGetCount(osSemaphoreId_t semaphore_id);
+
+/// Delete a Semaphore object.
+/// \param[in]     semaphore_id  semaphore ID obtained by \ref osSemaphoreNew.
+/// \return status code that indicates the execution status of the function.
+osStatus_t osSemaphoreDelete(osSemaphoreId_t semaphore_id);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif